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The "Big Bang"
Time: 10-43 seconds
This period is known as the Planck length, after the famous physicist, is furthest back we can look and still have some guesses to what was going on.
Now at this point, there is actually nothing. Imagine it, no up, down, left or right - nothing. This is before the Universe even began to expand and fill with everything. No one is even sure if it is possible to apply physics to this state of being.
We can only represent this with a Universe filled with questions.
Time: Between 10-12 and 10-10 seconds
It is during this very short period of time that the "Big Bang" officially begins. It is here that the Universe enters its Expansion era, and dimensions take form.
Now, somehow during this time all of the radiation needed to create the Universe we see today was created and the Universe was left in a hot, dense, "Quantum" state.
This then cooled very slightly and we were left with a seething pool of photons, gluons and other elementary particles.
Time: 10-11 seconds
At this stage the tiny expanding Universe is filled with radiation which creates pairs of particles and anti-particles, these are known as quarks and anti-quarks and these are building blocks of matter.
Almost as soon as these particles are created, they annihilate each other back into the radiation and this process repeats.
However, as the Universe cooled, less pairs were created, and less annihilated, and more by chance than anything else we
were left with more quarks than anti-quarks.
Time: 10-4 seconds
OK, now at this point, after the Universe has cooled and expanded further, something very important happens. All the quarks and anti-quarks that are whizzing around at incredible speeds, freely and on their own start to become confined inside things called mesons such as the pi meson and baryons such as the proton and neutron.
The theory of this confinement and de-confinement is called "Quantum Chromodynamics" for all you egg heads :) and even in theory
the details of this confinement and de-confinement are not well understood. It is simply taken that once the particles cool down
enough the confinement takes place.
Time: 1 second
For a long time, scientists have known that if you leave a neutron on its own, it will decay into a proton, an electron and
an electron antineutrino. However, a proton left on its own, will not decay into anything.
To change a proton back into a neutron you need to shoot an electron or an antineutrino back into it with vast amounts of energy. Now just prior to this era, there was this amount of energy and neutrons and protons were rapidly changing into each other through the emission and absorption of these particles. However as the Universe expanded and cooled, there was less of this energy and the process slowed, and we have been left with about 7 protons to every neutron.
Time: 100 seconds
At this point in the expansion the average temperature is low enough to allow protons and neutrons to clump together and make nuclei of the lighter elements such as Hydrogen, Helium and Lithium.
Neutrons and protons attract each other at very short distances, so in order to form nuclei protons and neutrons have to be very close together for some time. This could only happen when the Universe was cool enough. During this stage of the Universe we have Hydrogen, Helium some Lithium and a small amount of Deuterium.
Time: 10,000 Years
As usual, the Universe is still cooling and expanding. But as this happens, more and more matter is being created by the high energy radiation. And as the Universe expands, that matter loses less energy than the radiation does.
Eventually the energy in matter becomes larger than the energy in the radiation. The matter then dominates over the radiation in determining how the Universe expands from here on in.
At the end of this process, photons scatter much more with each other than they do with matter. As a result, the energy exchange between matter and radiation becomes less efficient. The photons thermalize and start behaving as thermal black body radiation. We can measure this cosmic background radiation today.
Time: 500,000 Years
The Universe continues to cool, and at this stage it cools down enough to allow the electrons in the universe to be captured by a nucleus without being smacked off by other particles.
As the speed of the electrons slows as the Universe cools, they are caught by the protons and atoms begin to form. Since the only nuclei that exist are Hydrogen, Helium and Lithium, they are the first atoms to exist.
Heavier elements are made in a very different way…
Time: 1,000,000,000 Years
Now that the radiation has cooled and decoupled from matter, and almost all the electrons are bound up to nuclei in the basic atoms, gravitational forces become important. Hydrogen gas is pulled together by gravity until the force causes the gas to collapse and ignite through hydrogen fusion to form the first stars.
Time: 2-13 Billion Years
At this stage, hydrogen, helium and lithium were basically the only three elements in the Universe. The heavier elements actually come from inside the stars.
The gravity around a star is huge, so other elements get pulled into the stars and then smashed together through nuclear fusion.
How did these elements get out of the stars? The answer is simple, once the stars died, they exploded into supernovas and all the elements inside are thrown out into space before the star becomes a white dwarf or a black hole. This process takes very long, a time scale of around 11 billion years.
So now you know that we are all made from stardust :)
Time: Present Day
Eventually the galaxies formed, and with that, our solar system; life miraculously evolved on Earth, and here we are, looking back onto the birth of our Universe :)
Thanks for reading, Chaos.
Time: 10-43 seconds
This period is known as the Planck length, after the famous physicist, is furthest back we can look and still have some guesses to what was going on.
Now at this point, there is actually nothing. Imagine it, no up, down, left or right - nothing. This is before the Universe even began to expand and fill with everything. No one is even sure if it is possible to apply physics to this state of being.
We can only represent this with a Universe filled with questions.
Time: Between 10-12 and 10-10 seconds
It is during this very short period of time that the "Big Bang" officially begins. It is here that the Universe enters its Expansion era, and dimensions take form.
Now, somehow during this time all of the radiation needed to create the Universe we see today was created and the Universe was left in a hot, dense, "Quantum" state.
This then cooled very slightly and we were left with a seething pool of photons, gluons and other elementary particles.
Time: 10-11 seconds
At this stage the tiny expanding Universe is filled with radiation which creates pairs of particles and anti-particles, these are known as quarks and anti-quarks and these are building blocks of matter.
Almost as soon as these particles are created, they annihilate each other back into the radiation and this process repeats.
However, as the Universe cooled, less pairs were created, and less annihilated, and more by chance than anything else we
were left with more quarks than anti-quarks.
Time: 10-4 seconds
OK, now at this point, after the Universe has cooled and expanded further, something very important happens. All the quarks and anti-quarks that are whizzing around at incredible speeds, freely and on their own start to become confined inside things called mesons such as the pi meson and baryons such as the proton and neutron.
The theory of this confinement and de-confinement is called "Quantum Chromodynamics" for all you egg heads :) and even in theory
the details of this confinement and de-confinement are not well understood. It is simply taken that once the particles cool down
enough the confinement takes place.
Time: 1 second
For a long time, scientists have known that if you leave a neutron on its own, it will decay into a proton, an electron and
an electron antineutrino. However, a proton left on its own, will not decay into anything.
To change a proton back into a neutron you need to shoot an electron or an antineutrino back into it with vast amounts of energy. Now just prior to this era, there was this amount of energy and neutrons and protons were rapidly changing into each other through the emission and absorption of these particles. However as the Universe expanded and cooled, there was less of this energy and the process slowed, and we have been left with about 7 protons to every neutron.
Time: 100 seconds
At this point in the expansion the average temperature is low enough to allow protons and neutrons to clump together and make nuclei of the lighter elements such as Hydrogen, Helium and Lithium.
Neutrons and protons attract each other at very short distances, so in order to form nuclei protons and neutrons have to be very close together for some time. This could only happen when the Universe was cool enough. During this stage of the Universe we have Hydrogen, Helium some Lithium and a small amount of Deuterium.
Time: 10,000 Years
As usual, the Universe is still cooling and expanding. But as this happens, more and more matter is being created by the high energy radiation. And as the Universe expands, that matter loses less energy than the radiation does.
Eventually the energy in matter becomes larger than the energy in the radiation. The matter then dominates over the radiation in determining how the Universe expands from here on in.
At the end of this process, photons scatter much more with each other than they do with matter. As a result, the energy exchange between matter and radiation becomes less efficient. The photons thermalize and start behaving as thermal black body radiation. We can measure this cosmic background radiation today.
Time: 500,000 Years
The Universe continues to cool, and at this stage it cools down enough to allow the electrons in the universe to be captured by a nucleus without being smacked off by other particles.
As the speed of the electrons slows as the Universe cools, they are caught by the protons and atoms begin to form. Since the only nuclei that exist are Hydrogen, Helium and Lithium, they are the first atoms to exist.
Heavier elements are made in a very different way…
Time: 1,000,000,000 Years
Now that the radiation has cooled and decoupled from matter, and almost all the electrons are bound up to nuclei in the basic atoms, gravitational forces become important. Hydrogen gas is pulled together by gravity until the force causes the gas to collapse and ignite through hydrogen fusion to form the first stars.
Time: 2-13 Billion Years
At this stage, hydrogen, helium and lithium were basically the only three elements in the Universe. The heavier elements actually come from inside the stars.
The gravity around a star is huge, so other elements get pulled into the stars and then smashed together through nuclear fusion.
How did these elements get out of the stars? The answer is simple, once the stars died, they exploded into supernovas and all the elements inside are thrown out into space before the star becomes a white dwarf or a black hole. This process takes very long, a time scale of around 11 billion years.
So now you know that we are all made from stardust :)
Time: Present Day
Eventually the galaxies formed, and with that, our solar system; life miraculously evolved on Earth, and here we are, looking back onto the birth of our Universe :)
Thanks for reading, Chaos.
Page:
There are some inaccuracies, I believe.
The Big Bang only created our set of planets in the universe. Before that there was a different type of universe, still populated, but not as we currently know it. This is what astronomers have found through increasingly powerful telescopes checking even further away than before.
The whole Big Bang theory isn't quite 100% stable either. This is how it is currently percieved by many to have happened, but there are points of contention from scientists who are even now finding new evidence for the creation of our known universe as it now stands.
oh, and Christians may argue that the bible told of 6 'ages', it is heavily translated, after all. There's always a retort!
The Big Bang only created our set of planets in the universe. Before that there was a different type of universe, still populated, but not as we currently know it. This is what astronomers have found through increasingly powerful telescopes checking even further away than before.
The whole Big Bang theory isn't quite 100% stable either. This is how it is currently percieved by many to have happened, but there are points of contention from scientists who are even now finding new evidence for the creation of our known universe as it now stands.
oh, and Christians may argue that the bible told of 6 'ages', it is heavily translated, after all. There's always a retort!
Heh yeah, that's a thought I was supposed to put something about the non-god creation view at the top... Oh well...
Lets see the Christians argue with that. :)
The "Big Bang"
Time: 10-43 seconds
This period is known as the Planck length, after the famous physicist, is furthest back we can look and still have some guesses to what was going on.
Now at this point, there is actually nothing. Imagine it, no up, down, left or right - nothing. This is before the Universe even began to expand and fill with everything. No one is even sure if it is possible to apply physics to this state of being.
We can only represent this with a Universe filled with questions.
Time: Between 10-12 and 10-10 seconds
It is during this very short period of time that the "Big Bang" officially begins. It is here that the Universe enters its Expansion era, and dimensions take form.
Now, somehow during this time all of the radiation needed to create the Universe we see today was created and the Universe was left in a hot, dense, "Quantum" state.
This then cooled very slightly and we were left with a seething pool of photons, gluons and other elementary particles.
Time: 10-11 seconds
At this stage the tiny expanding Universe is filled with radiation which creates pairs of particles and anti-particles, these are known as quarks and anti-quarks and these are building blocks of matter.
Almost as soon as these particles are created, they annihilate each other back into the radiation and this process repeats.
However, as the Universe cooled, less pairs were created, and less annihilated, and more by chance than anything else we
were left with more quarks than anti-quarks.
Time: 10-4 seconds
OK, now at this point, after the Universe has cooled and expanded further, something very important happens. All the quarks and anti-quarks that are whizzing around at incredible speeds, freely and on their own start to become confined inside things called mesons such as the pi meson and baryons such as the proton and neutron.
The theory of this confinement and de-confinement is called "Quantum Chromodynamics" for all you egg heads :) and even in theory
the details of this confinement and de-confinement are not well understood. It is simply taken that once the particles cool down
enough the confinement takes place.
Time: 1 second
For a long time, scientists have known that if you leave a neutron on its own, it will decay into a proton, an electron and
an electron antineutrino. However, a proton left on its own, will not decay into anything.
To change a proton back into a neutron you need to shoot an electron or an antineutrino back into it with vast amounts of energy. Now just prior to this era, there was this amount of energy and neutrons and protons were rapidly changing into each other through the emission and absorption of these particles. However as the Universe expanded and cooled, there was less of this energy and the process slowed, and we have been left with about 7 protons to every neutron.
Time: 100 seconds
At this point in the expansion the average temperature is low enough to allow protons and neutrons to clump together and make nuclei of the lighter elements such as Hydrogen, Helium and Lithium.
Neutrons and protons attract each other at very short distances, so in order to form nuclei protons and neutrons have to be very close together for some time. This could only happen when the Universe was cool enough. During this stage of the Universe we have Hydrogen, Helium some Lithium and a small amount of Deuterium.
Time: 10,000 Years
As usual, the Universe is still cooling and expanding. But as this happens, more and more matter is being created by the high energy radiation. And as the Universe expands, that matter loses less energy than the radiation does.
Eventually the energy in matter becomes larger than the energy in the radiation. The matter then dominates over the radiation in determining how the Universe expands from here on in.
At the end of this process, photons scatter much more with each other than they do with matter. As a result, the energy exchange between matter and radiation becomes less efficient. The photons thermalize and start behaving as thermal black body radiation. We can measure this cosmic background radiation today.
Time: 500,000 Years
The Universe continues to cool, and at this stage it cools down enough to allow the electrons in the universe to be captured by a nucleus without being smacked off by other particles.
As the speed of the electrons slows as the Universe cools, they are caught by the protons and atoms begin to form. Since the only nuclei that exist are Hydrogen, Helium and Lithium, they are the first atoms to exist.
Heavier elements are made in a very different way…
Time: 1,000,000,000 Years
Now that the radiation has cooled and decoupled from matter, and almost all the electrons are bound up to nuclei in the basic atoms, gravitational forces become important. Hydrogen gas is pulled together by gravity until the force causes the gas to collapse and ignite through hydrogen fusion to form the first stars.
Time: 2-13 Billion Years
At this stage, hydrogen, helium and lithium were basically the only three elements in the Universe. The heavier elements actually come from inside the stars.
The gravity around a star is huge, so other elements get pulled into the stars and then smashed together through nuclear fusion.
How did these elements get out of the stars? The answer is simple, once the stars died, they exploded into supernovas and all the elements inside are thrown out into space before the star becomes a white dwarf or a black hole. This process takes very long, a time scale of around 11 billion years.
So now you know that we are all made from stardust :)
Time: Present Day
Eventually the galaxies formed, and with that, our solar system; life miraculously evolved on Earth, and here we are, looking back onto the birth of our Universe :)
Thanks for reading, Chaos.
Time: 10-43 seconds
This period is known as the Planck length, after the famous physicist, is furthest back we can look and still have some guesses to what was going on.
Now at this point, there is actually nothing. Imagine it, no up, down, left or right - nothing. This is before the Universe even began to expand and fill with everything. No one is even sure if it is possible to apply physics to this state of being.
We can only represent this with a Universe filled with questions.
Time: Between 10-12 and 10-10 seconds
It is during this very short period of time that the "Big Bang" officially begins. It is here that the Universe enters its Expansion era, and dimensions take form.
Now, somehow during this time all of the radiation needed to create the Universe we see today was created and the Universe was left in a hot, dense, "Quantum" state.
This then cooled very slightly and we were left with a seething pool of photons, gluons and other elementary particles.
Time: 10-11 seconds
At this stage the tiny expanding Universe is filled with radiation which creates pairs of particles and anti-particles, these are known as quarks and anti-quarks and these are building blocks of matter.
Almost as soon as these particles are created, they annihilate each other back into the radiation and this process repeats.
However, as the Universe cooled, less pairs were created, and less annihilated, and more by chance than anything else we
were left with more quarks than anti-quarks.
Time: 10-4 seconds
OK, now at this point, after the Universe has cooled and expanded further, something very important happens. All the quarks and anti-quarks that are whizzing around at incredible speeds, freely and on their own start to become confined inside things called mesons such as the pi meson and baryons such as the proton and neutron.
The theory of this confinement and de-confinement is called "Quantum Chromodynamics" for all you egg heads :) and even in theory
the details of this confinement and de-confinement are not well understood. It is simply taken that once the particles cool down
enough the confinement takes place.
Time: 1 second
For a long time, scientists have known that if you leave a neutron on its own, it will decay into a proton, an electron and
an electron antineutrino. However, a proton left on its own, will not decay into anything.
To change a proton back into a neutron you need to shoot an electron or an antineutrino back into it with vast amounts of energy. Now just prior to this era, there was this amount of energy and neutrons and protons were rapidly changing into each other through the emission and absorption of these particles. However as the Universe expanded and cooled, there was less of this energy and the process slowed, and we have been left with about 7 protons to every neutron.
Time: 100 seconds
At this point in the expansion the average temperature is low enough to allow protons and neutrons to clump together and make nuclei of the lighter elements such as Hydrogen, Helium and Lithium.
Neutrons and protons attract each other at very short distances, so in order to form nuclei protons and neutrons have to be very close together for some time. This could only happen when the Universe was cool enough. During this stage of the Universe we have Hydrogen, Helium some Lithium and a small amount of Deuterium.
Time: 10,000 Years
As usual, the Universe is still cooling and expanding. But as this happens, more and more matter is being created by the high energy radiation. And as the Universe expands, that matter loses less energy than the radiation does.
Eventually the energy in matter becomes larger than the energy in the radiation. The matter then dominates over the radiation in determining how the Universe expands from here on in.
At the end of this process, photons scatter much more with each other than they do with matter. As a result, the energy exchange between matter and radiation becomes less efficient. The photons thermalize and start behaving as thermal black body radiation. We can measure this cosmic background radiation today.
Time: 500,000 Years
The Universe continues to cool, and at this stage it cools down enough to allow the electrons in the universe to be captured by a nucleus without being smacked off by other particles.
As the speed of the electrons slows as the Universe cools, they are caught by the protons and atoms begin to form. Since the only nuclei that exist are Hydrogen, Helium and Lithium, they are the first atoms to exist.
Heavier elements are made in a very different way…
Time: 1,000,000,000 Years
Now that the radiation has cooled and decoupled from matter, and almost all the electrons are bound up to nuclei in the basic atoms, gravitational forces become important. Hydrogen gas is pulled together by gravity until the force causes the gas to collapse and ignite through hydrogen fusion to form the first stars.
Time: 2-13 Billion Years
At this stage, hydrogen, helium and lithium were basically the only three elements in the Universe. The heavier elements actually come from inside the stars.
The gravity around a star is huge, so other elements get pulled into the stars and then smashed together through nuclear fusion.
How did these elements get out of the stars? The answer is simple, once the stars died, they exploded into supernovas and all the elements inside are thrown out into space before the star becomes a white dwarf or a black hole. This process takes very long, a time scale of around 11 billion years.
So now you know that we are all made from stardust :)
Time: Present Day
Eventually the galaxies formed, and with that, our solar system; life miraculously evolved on Earth, and here we are, looking back onto the birth of our Universe :)
Thanks for reading, Chaos.
Page: