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Renewables and Clean Energy Sources
Germans are getting creative and at the same time going back to the basics when it comes to developing and harnessing new energy sources. Grass, trash and manure are on the same list as wind and sun as viable and even profitable energy sources. The burgeoning industries in renewable energy sources are getting help from public financing and price guarantees to ensure that "bioenergy" will take off. And among the industries taking seriously the challenge to protect the environment is the German auto industry which is developing clean-burning cars.
Germany aims to double the portion of electricity generated by renewable energies from 5 percent to 10 percent by 2010. A further goal is to increase that share to fully 50% by the year 2050. One serious incentive to this goal is the phasing out of nuclear power in Germany. The federal government last year adopted the law phasing out nuclear power within three decades. That will eliminate an energy source that currently provides about one third of the electricity in Germany.
Promoting renewables is just one part of a multi-faceted plan to bring climate and environmental protection requirements and the needs of a competitive power industry in line with one another. The approach also includes ecological tax reform, promotion of combined heat and electricity systems and a broad set of measures to promote energy conservation technologies. Not only will a new energy mix be developed, but the demand for energy will be reduced.
Among the programs to promote renewables and clean energy:
•ZIP - The Zukunfts Investitions Program (ZIP) or future investment program is pumping some $110 million (123 million EUR) through the year 2003 into research and development of environmentally-friendly energy technologies. So far, 80 projects are benefiting from the federal sponsorship including fuel cells for stationary and mobile uses, propulsion technologies, geothermal power generation, offshore wind energy, and energy-conservation-oriented restoration of older buildings.
•Renewable Energy Sources Act - Since going into effect in 2000, this act has allowed the government to assist renewable energy sources in getting a foothold in the marketplace. Among other measures, it ensures that the price paid for electricity generated by solar power, wind power, biomass (like wood), pit gas (methane), and geothermal heat is high enough to allow the systems to operate on an economically viable basis.
•100,000 Roofs Program - The solar panels on the roof of the new Federal Chancellery in Berlin are a great ad for this program to promote the installation of photovoltaic systems by homeowners and businesses. The government is providing low-interest loans to private individuals, small and medium-sized businesses and the self-employed to help cover the installation of 100,000 photovoltaic systems by 2005.
•Power-Heat Coupling - In return for a voluntary agreement from the power industry to use technologies that cogenerate heat and electricity, a way to significantly increase the efficiency of power plants, the government has pledged $3.5 billion in support. The increased use of power-heat coupling technology could cut Germany's CO2 emissions by 23 million tons a year by 2010.
- E2 - Energy and the Environment