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Well I've just finished my highly exciting science homework, so, to show you lot how much fun I've had... I decided to post it!
Aim: To find out what happens when iron and sulphur are heated together.
Diagram:
Equipment: Tongs, goggles, test tube, iron, sulphur, mineral wool, Bunsen burner, paper, heat proof mat and a magnet.
Safety: Goggles worn at all times and ties tucked in. Don't heat the mixture for too long.
Method: 1. We measured out 1 spatula of iron and sulphur, then we mixed them on the paper, recording our observations.
2. Then we put the mixture in to a test tube and ran a magnet up the side. We recorded observations.
3. The bunsen burner was lit.
4. Then we plugged the top of the test tube with mineral wool and held it over the bunsen. (Which was at half flame) We heated it until it glowed.
5. After the test tube had cooled down we ran a magnet up the side and recorded our observations.
Results:
1. When the two elements were mixed on the paper a greyish yellow mixture was formed.
2. When the magnet was run up the side of the test tube the iron filings leapt up from the bottom and followed it around. The sulphur that was trapped in between the iron, rose as well.
3. After the mixture was heated, two new compounds had been formed. Sulphur Dioxide. The sulphur had turned in to a gas and risen, popping the wool off the top of the tube by it’s pressure and leaving a yellow ring around the top of the test tube. Iron Oxide was also made. The iron filings had been turned to a black solid.
4. When we ran the magnet up the side of the test tube again we found that the Iron Oxide was not magnetic and would NOT follow the magnet around.
Consclusion: Before: It was a mixture of a metal and a non-metal. The mixture was magnetic.
After: There are two new compounds. We know this from: The colour change. We have seen energy being released (The wool being popped off the top of the test tube) It is now non-magnetic.
These are all NEW PROPERTIES.
The equations for these compounds are: Iron + Sulphur = Iron Sulphide and Sulphur + Oxygen = Sulphur Dioxide
*yawn yawn yawn yawn*
Why DO we have to go to school?
:-)
Aim: To find out what happens when iron and sulphur are heated together.
Diagram:
Equipment: Tongs, goggles, test tube, iron, sulphur, mineral wool, Bunsen burner, paper, heat proof mat and a magnet.
Safety: Goggles worn at all times and ties tucked in. Don't heat the mixture for too long.
Method: 1. We measured out 1 spatula of iron and sulphur, then we mixed them on the paper, recording our observations.
2. Then we put the mixture in to a test tube and ran a magnet up the side. We recorded observations.
3. The bunsen burner was lit.
4. Then we plugged the top of the test tube with mineral wool and held it over the bunsen. (Which was at half flame) We heated it until it glowed.
5. After the test tube had cooled down we ran a magnet up the side and recorded our observations.
Results:
1. When the two elements were mixed on the paper a greyish yellow mixture was formed.
2. When the magnet was run up the side of the test tube the iron filings leapt up from the bottom and followed it around. The sulphur that was trapped in between the iron, rose as well.
3. After the mixture was heated, two new compounds had been formed. Sulphur Dioxide. The sulphur had turned in to a gas and risen, popping the wool off the top of the tube by it’s pressure and leaving a yellow ring around the top of the test tube. Iron Oxide was also made. The iron filings had been turned to a black solid.
4. When we ran the magnet up the side of the test tube again we found that the Iron Oxide was not magnetic and would NOT follow the magnet around.
Consclusion: Before: It was a mixture of a metal and a non-metal. The mixture was magnetic.
After: There are two new compounds. We know this from: The colour change. We have seen energy being released (The wool being popped off the top of the test tube) It is now non-magnetic.
These are all NEW PROPERTIES.
The equations for these compounds are: Iron + Sulphur = Iron Sulphide and Sulphur + Oxygen = Sulphur Dioxide
*yawn yawn yawn yawn*
Why DO we have to go to school?
:-)
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turbonutter wrote:
> That homework was so EASY! We did that in the 2nd year/year 8!
Which homework? Mine? Well yeah it is easy. Heh! We've done it before you then ,if you did it in yr 8, I'm only in yr 7, NER :-P
:-)
> That homework was so EASY! We did that in the 2nd year/year 8!
Which homework? Mine? Well yeah it is easy. Heh! We've done it before you then ,if you did it in yr 8, I'm only in yr 7, NER :-P
:-)
That homework was so EASY! We did that in the 2nd year/year 8!
Poo, some of the symbols didnt come out properly!
I did a really exciting report the other day, it's quite long, so here is just some of it:
Objective:
Stage 1:
Stage 1 was merely a simple exercise to familiarise ourselves with the software package MicroWave Office. The results are attached as Appendix 1 if required.
Stage 2:
Design a Wilkinson Coupler to comply with the specification given, see below. When the coupler is designed to satisfy the specifications the design should then be drawn out as a scale model using Easy PC. It is from this artwork that the coupler will be manufactured.
Stage 3:
Design Review. The coupler design and artwork to be presented to a superior with a full design review to take place. Provided the all specifications are met the artwork will be sent to an outside company to be manufactured.
Stage 4:
Assembling the circuit. In order to complete this stage, the SMT work must have been completed. The resistor needs to be soldered correctly into place.
Stage 5:
Measure the S-parameters for all three ports of the coupler and compare the performance with the simulated results.
Abstract:
The task was to design and manufacture a micro strip coupler to a set of pre-defined specifications. The coupler was to be designed using the Microwave Office software, with the artwork completed in EasyPC. An outside company did the actual manufacture of the coupler. The coupler was then tested using a network analyzer, with the results to be compared with the simulation results gained from Microwave Office.
Design:
Specification:
This is the design specification that we were given before the design of the coupler started:
1) A Wilkinson coupler is required for a Doppler Radar system and the design needs to be compatible with FR4 board.
2) Port 1 is the input port.
3) Ports 2 and 3 are the output ports. These must be separated with by 70mm, see figure A.
4) Port 1 will be loaded with 50 Ohms while the load on ports 2 and 3 will vary between 30 and 50 Ohms.
5) The coupler must maintain a power split of 3.0 +/-0.5dB over a 20% bandwidth centered on 1GHz.
6) The coupler must fulfil the space outline given below in figure A.
7) The FR4 board will be supplied with the following parameters: substrate thickness 1mm, relative permittivity 4.8 and a metallisation thickness of 35 microns.
*Diagram*
Theory:
S-Parameters:
Scattering Parameters (S-Parameters) are the reflection and transmission coefficients between the incident and reflection waves. They describe completely the behavior of a device under linear condition at microwave frequency range. Each parameter is typically characterised by magnitude, decibel and phase. The expression in decibel is 20log(Sij) because s-parameters are voltage ratios of the waves.
S11: input reflection coefficient of 50 terminated output.
S21: forward transmission coefficient of 50 terminated output.
S12: reverse transmission coefficient of 50 terminated input.
S22: output reflection coefficient of 50 terminated input.
There can be many more S-parameters, depending on how many ports there are in the system.
Objective:
Stage 1:
Stage 1 was merely a simple exercise to familiarise ourselves with the software package MicroWave Office. The results are attached as Appendix 1 if required.
Stage 2:
Design a Wilkinson Coupler to comply with the specification given, see below. When the coupler is designed to satisfy the specifications the design should then be drawn out as a scale model using Easy PC. It is from this artwork that the coupler will be manufactured.
Stage 3:
Design Review. The coupler design and artwork to be presented to a superior with a full design review to take place. Provided the all specifications are met the artwork will be sent to an outside company to be manufactured.
Stage 4:
Assembling the circuit. In order to complete this stage, the SMT work must have been completed. The resistor needs to be soldered correctly into place.
Stage 5:
Measure the S-parameters for all three ports of the coupler and compare the performance with the simulated results.
Abstract:
The task was to design and manufacture a micro strip coupler to a set of pre-defined specifications. The coupler was to be designed using the Microwave Office software, with the artwork completed in EasyPC. An outside company did the actual manufacture of the coupler. The coupler was then tested using a network analyzer, with the results to be compared with the simulation results gained from Microwave Office.
Design:
Specification:
This is the design specification that we were given before the design of the coupler started:
1) A Wilkinson coupler is required for a Doppler Radar system and the design needs to be compatible with FR4 board.
2) Port 1 is the input port.
3) Ports 2 and 3 are the output ports. These must be separated with by 70mm, see figure A.
4) Port 1 will be loaded with 50 Ohms while the load on ports 2 and 3 will vary between 30 and 50 Ohms.
5) The coupler must maintain a power split of 3.0 +/-0.5dB over a 20% bandwidth centered on 1GHz.
6) The coupler must fulfil the space outline given below in figure A.
7) The FR4 board will be supplied with the following parameters: substrate thickness 1mm, relative permittivity 4.8 and a metallisation thickness of 35 microns.
*Diagram*
Theory:
S-Parameters:
Scattering Parameters (S-Parameters) are the reflection and transmission coefficients between the incident and reflection waves. They describe completely the behavior of a device under linear condition at microwave frequency range. Each parameter is typically characterised by magnitude, decibel and phase. The expression in decibel is 20log(Sij) because s-parameters are voltage ratios of the waves.
S11: input reflection coefficient of 50 terminated output.
S21: forward transmission coefficient of 50 terminated output.
S12: reverse transmission coefficient of 50 terminated input.
S22: output reflection coefficient of 50 terminated input.
There can be many more S-parameters, depending on how many ports there are in the system.
RastaBillySkank wrote:
> MUAH HA HA HA HA
I was quicker than you Craig! NER :-P
:-)
You got one wrong Frank, I got them all right :D
Frank is your name and thats final :D
> MUAH HA HA HA HA
I was quicker than you Craig! NER :-P
:-)
You got one wrong Frank, I got them all right :D
Frank is your name and thats final :D
well go on then...
Ice Blaster wrote:
> Pluto has not yet had people land on it to check it out, but
> astronouts have flown around the solar system and have been able to
> spot it using incredible lenses.
Nope
planet X - not yet discovered!
And errr.... yes it has.
> Pluto has not yet had people land on it to check it out, but
> astronouts have flown around the solar system and have been able to
> spot it using incredible lenses.
Nope
planet X - not yet discovered!
And errr.... yes it has.
RastaBillySkank wrote:
> Ice Blaster wrote:
> not to bad for a guess but inner planets :
> mercury venus earth mars
> ASTERIOD BELT
Errr.... The
> astroid belt is a planet?! <--- no, i just said were it was!
> Ice Blaster wrote:
> not to bad for a guess but inner planets :
> mercury venus earth mars
> ASTERIOD BELT
Errr.... The
> astroid belt is a planet?! <--- no, i just said were it was!
Pluto has not yet had people land on it to check it out, but astronouts have flown around the solar system and have been able to spot it using incredible lenses.
planet X - not yet discovered!
planet X - not yet discovered!
1) Somebody looked through a telescope.
2) See above.
2) See above.
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